Characteristics Of Narcissistic Personality Disorder

Narcissism is one of the most common disorders, known to scientists as the most heritable personality disorder in humans (Thomaes, et al ). It affects temperament, an individual’s nature pertaining to their permanent behavior, which can be affected through inheritance and their surroundings. In humans, the earliest stages in life affect the development of temperament the most, according to Thomaes et al ( ). It is also understood that the culture and atmosphere surrounding a human affects the maturation of narcissistic tendencies (handbook ). Thus, when a child evolves into an adult narcissist it can be inferred that at least one of their parents also displayed characteristics of narcissistic personality disorder. The wide range of self absorbed mannerisms includes holding extravagant and unstable views of oneself, a need to seek self-validation from others, infidelity, and often addictions (Thomaes et al ). A narcissist can be covert, a self-absorbed introvert that often expe riences shame and similar emotions, or overt, a selfish extravert that blocks negativity through aggressive anger (Soyer et al ). In Wuthering Heights, four children grow up to be narcissists in a very extreme matter. The father, Mr. Earnshaw never displays any of these characteristics in the novel. With no concern for himself, he picks up an orphan off the streets in Heathcliff, and brings him into his home despite the protests of his family members (Bronte ). A narcissist would never do something soShow MoreRelatedUnadulterated Arrogance : Autopsy Of The Narcissistic Parental Alienator918 Words   |  4 PagesIn Summers Summers (2006) article â€Å"Unadulterated Arrogance: Autopsy of the Narcissistic Parental Alienator† mentions that the beginning symptoms of the onset of Narcissistic Disorder typically begins during infancy, childhood, or early adolescence. Although there exist many specialists that believe that it is more than likely â€Å"attributed to psychological childhood abuse and trauma inflicted by parents, family, or other authority figures†. Individuals with NPD are known to  "display snobbish, disdainfulRead MoreIs Narcissism A Narcissistic Personality Disorder ( Npd )1645 Words   |  7 PagesIn today s society, all types of personalities can be found on every corner, but has anyone ever interacted with a person that requires an overwhelming amount of respect and admiration. This action could be considered an arrogant personality trait; however, it could also imply that this person has a narcissistic personality disorder (NPD). These individuals can be quite charming at first, making friends quickly and can be the life of the party until it doesn’t fit their needs any longer. A personRead MoreDependent Personality Disorder ( Dpd )1265 Words   |  6 PagesI. Dependent Personality Disorder: Dependent Personality Disorder (DPD) according to the The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th ed.; DSM–5; American Psychiatric Association, 2013) is categorized under cluster C in personality disorders exhibiting traits of anxiety and fearfulness. Criteria specifies that an individual demonstrates significant deviation in behavior and life experience according to a person’s cultural norms in at least two of the following areas: impulse controlRead MoreSocial Media And Its Effects On Society Essay1603 Words   |  7 PagesPERSONALITIES OF CYBERBULLIES BY CYNTHIA HUANG Introduction Deeply ingrained into the world, the concept of personality serves as the basis for all human interaction, and in this case, cyberbullying. With the explosion of social media and internet related activities, there has been a sudden increase in cyberbullying cases. Over the years, cyberbullying—which has often been linked â€Å"to harassing text messages, rumors spread online or through social media websites, and derogatory comments about someoneRead MoreNarcissistic Disorder : Effects And Treatments1485 Words   |  6 PagesNarcissistic Disorder:Effects and Treatments Sean T. Lee Cheyney University Introduction This paper is an attempt to shed some light on Narcissistic Personality Disorder. Many people who have this disorder are not usually aware that they have it. People who have a narcissistic personality can have many problems arise in their relationships, on their jobs, and at school. Narcissistic personality disorder is a rare case here in the US, with less than 200,000 reported cases a year. It might be becauseRead MoreNarcissistic Personality Disorder and Aarons Cognitive Behavior Therapy1510 Words   |  6 PagesNarcissistic personality disorder This is one of the very rare kinds of personality disorders that can be traced within the contemporary society. Indeed Philip W. Long (2011) pegs the prevalence to 1% of the total population. He further notes that the disorder is more prevalent in males than in females. People falling under this category generally have a weird feeling that the world generally revolves around them and their needs. These categories of people lack the urge to empathize with otherRead MoreThe Portrayal Of This Disorder882 Words   |  4 Pagesof this disorder is pretty realistic in American Psycho. Patrick Bateman has some issues and that s made clear throughout the movie. At the very beginning of the movie he explains how well he takes care of himself, psychically – with a balanced diet, a rigorous exercise routine, and by using multiple skin care treatments. It s obvious his appearance means a lot to him as well as materialistic items. According to our textbook, one of the clinical characteristics of someone with narcissistic personalityRead MoreEssay on Personality Disorders and Deviant Behavior1235 Words   |  5 PagesPersonality Disorders and Deviant Behavior People who suffer from personality disorders often display deviant behavior. The mental illness itself is not deviant. They typically have problems with social skills, mood swings, emotional states, and are often unable to maintain healthy, stable relationships. Many sufferers do not possess the capability to have genuine emotions, including empathy for others. A personality disorder is the basis of many circumstances of maladaptive behavior includingRead MoreThe Underlying Truth About Living1663 Words   |  7 PagesThe underlying truth about living in a world of many personalities. The uniqueness about what makes a person who they are, has been a common belief that their personality began developing the moment one is born. Dr. Catherine Monk, a researcher at Columbia University, comments â€Å"research indicates that even before birth, mothers’ mood may affect child development.†According to Larson and Buss, most psychological mechanisms have three essential i ngredients: inputs, decision rules and outputs.†AlthoughRead MorePsychiatric Disorders in The Kite Runner1408 Words   |  6 Pagesthe consequences of this invasion created a harsh environment for the children and adults of Afghanistan. This environment created the development of mental disorders in Amir, Assef, and Sohrab throughout the novel. By examining the mental disorders such as Narcissistic disorder in Assef, the antisocial disorder in Amir and the adjustment disorder in Sohrab, it will be shown how the events in Afghanistan contribute to these characters mental problems. A diagnosis is the act of discovering or identifying

Wedding In Malaysia Free Essays

Wedding tourism in our country has becoming popular as more foreigners and local tourist are taking interest and start to recognize this tourism field. Nowadays, lots of visitors start to take interest in the grand wedding functions which held in attractive and tourism place as well as at Historical Places and magnificent place of our country. It’s a well-known fact that our country are based from numerous type of races with its colorful culture and traditions. We will write a custom essay sample on Wedding In Malaysia or any similar topic only for you Order Now These tradition and rituals of Malaysian reflect the rich cultural heritage of our nation. Ones of the tradition that can generate high income and have a bright chance to be develops in the future is Wedding Tourism which is gaining popularity due to the distinctive celebrations and religious ceremonies that are held in the course of a wedding. Though there are grand and magnificent weddings conducted in tourism and magnificent places in our country includes at the beaches of Malaysia. All kind of Malaysian various races wedding have recently become a hit among tourist around the world. Wedding tourism in our country offers lot more than just the wedding rituals which according to its own culture and religions. Along with the wedding ceremonies, tourist and visitors can enjoy and get a firsthand experience of the wedding preparations that are done by both parties. Besides, wedding tourism in Malaysia also helps tourist in this country to explore the hidden facts of Malaysian wedding and enjoy the warmth and hospitality of our peoples that are well known for their warmness and smile. Realizing this potential in wedding tourism towards the future, our government also take a step ahead in promoting and encourage this industry to enhance its wider around the world. Thus, lots of accommodations such as excellent facilities in hotels, better transportation, mouthwatering cuisine and many more are integrated part of the packages for wedding. The special wedding tour package also helps to get insight into the life style of our peoples and offers an enjoyable moments that can stand to be memories for a  lifetimes. How to cite Wedding In Malaysia, Papers

Artificial Intelligence Methodology System †Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Artificial Intelligence Methodology System. Answer: Introduction Technology has both negative and positive social impacts. Technology allows people to overcome challenges such as space and time. For instance, the Internet, airplanes, ships, and cars enable people to meet, interact, and travel to overcome the challenges. Such technology solutions have helped study other cultures, connect people from different places in the world, maintain families and friends, communicate, and develop social skills. Unfortunately, some technology aspects have caused distraction, stress, and isolation among other people. Clearly, technology has had profound effects that can be either positive or negative. Today, society is experiencing a social revolution and it is critical to establish socially acceptable behavior in the context of technology (Bulton, et al. 2013). However, people are not yet concerned fully about the new social realities being created by the current digital interactions and what it means to society and individuals. As such, this report sees the ne ed to examine the social impact of the modern technology (Gershenfeld, Brooks, Mulloy 2015). Human Kinetics (2010) book compiled some of the findings from Salaway 2008 studies of social networking and students. According to the study, the use of this technology has both negative and positive outcomes. For instance, it is possible to find a long lost friend in a social media platform and connect with them. Further, since the world has become mobile, people are living and working in different geographical locations, families, and friends can keep in touch through social media (Sawyer 2011). Yet, the same social networking aspect of technology has problems. Researchers today are studying the possibility of people having addiction. Television Impacts Television technology has an impact on social lives and skills. Research shows that spending some limited duration following on wholesome TV programs can strengthen friendships. However, other studies indicate that TV can lead to the downfall of social values in people since they spend less time with others in society than they do while watching TV programs (Mendrano, Aierbe, Orejudo 2010). This technology is a passive medium that needs little skill. Unfortunately, exposure to content displayed on TVs has a serious effect on social lives. For instance, Human Kinetics (2010) indicate that exposure to some television shows with adult content may lead to an increase in the rate of teen pregnancy as shown in the figure below. As can be seen in the introduction, technology has made it a privilege for people to occupy a piece land. In effect, the demand for food and textiles has increased. Producers are using technology to generate genetically modified animals and seeds to meet the soaring demand (Verma et al. 2011). Today, farmers are producing salmon that yields and grows ten times faster than the normal one. Unfortunately, unfair genetically modified benefits will extinguish other relevant but smaller life forms. Similarly, GM products are highly dependent on pesticides and the increased use of the chemicals will contaminate the organic seeds and plants. Greedy organizations and individuals continue to use GM technology despite a call for clean and safe food. The Internet offers solutions for communication and data storage (Parise, et al 2012). Companies have used the tool to develop ecommerce systems to connect traders and consumers and to reduce the cost of commodities. In the process, the middlemen lose their income source since a producer can connect direct to end-user. Additionally, data stored online becomes insecure since the Internet has become a playground for hackers who attack private networks with malicious intentions and for financial gains. Robotics, AI, Autonomous, and Machine Learning Emerging technologies such as robotics, artificial intelligence, and machine learning are being developed at a fast pace (Dirican 2015). For instance, autonomous cars, aerial delivery vehicles, and driverless trucks can alter the way people commute, shop, and work. In other words, the technology can create new patterns of how people live (Kroger 2016). Additionally, home robots such as vacuum cleaners are being used to clean. Others are equipped with motion sensors and remote controls to provide security. Evidently, the number of industrial solutions such as robots has increased for the last few years. These products are cheap and they can function for long hours without interruption or human control. They use AI and machine learning to understand the environment and to respond to stimuli (Talwar Kumar 2013). These features makes technology more cost effective and highly productive as compared to human workers. In effect, more people are losing jobs and being replaced with machines. Conclusion From the above analysis, there is no doubt that technology and its trends bring about social changes. As noted, machine learning, robotics, and artificial intelligence lead to misplacement of workers from employment in an economy that offers fewer job opportunities. Ready or not, computers, algorithms, medical sensors, driverless cars, 3 D printing, and other solutions will keep transforming industries at the expense of employment for humans. However, these technologies will also result in profound issues, affecting incomes and other aspects that should be addressed not to enjoy the benefits. It is recommended that stakeholders need to think how to improve the lives of displaced workers as organizations adopt the solutions (ONeill 2017). References Bulton, RN, et al. 2013, Understanding generation Y and their use of social media: A review and research agenda, Journal of Service Management, vol. 24, no. 3, pp. 245-267. Dirican, C 2015, The impacts of robotics, artificial intelligence on business and economics, Procedia Social and Behavioural Sciences, vol. 195, no. 3, pp. 564-573. Gershenfeld, JC, Brooks, D, Mulloy, M 2015, The decline and resurgence of the U.S. auto industry, Economic Policy Institute Briefing Paper, vol. 399. Human Kinetics (Organization) 2010, Dimensions of leisure for life: individuals and society. Champaign, Ill, Human Kinetics. Kroger, F 2016, Automated driving in its social, historical, and cultural contexts, Autonomous Driving, pp. 41-68. Manteu, C 2008, Economic effects of globalization: Lessons from trade models, Economic Bulletin, Banco de Portugal, Spring, pp. 73-90. Mendrano, C, Aierbe, A, Orejudo, S 2010, Television viewing profile and values: Implications for moral education, Revista de Psicodidactica, vol. 15, no. 1, pp. 57-76. ONeill, D 2017, The global northern working class: Engels revisited, In: Mazierska E. (eds) Heading North, Palgrave, Macmillan, Cham. Parise, S, et al. 2012, Four strategies to capture and create value from big data, Ivey Business Journal, no. July/Aug 2012. Sawyer, R 2011, The impact of new social media on intercultural adaptation, Digital Commons URI, vol. 242. Talwar, A, Kumar, Y 2013, Machine learning: An artificial intelligence methodology, International Journal f Engineering and Computer Science, vol. 2, no. 12, pp. 3400-3404. Verma, C, et al. 2011, A review of genetically modified food on human health, The Open Nutraceuticals Journals, vol. 4, pp. 3-11.

Napoleon and Snowball (Animal Farm) Essay Essay Example

Napoleon and Snowball (Animal Farm) Essay Paper George Orwell’s Animal Farm is an allegorical novel that reflects events such as the Bolshevik revolution. the economic reform by Trotsky the Russian dearth in 1921 and during the Stalin epoch before the Second World War. The pigs represent the communist leading. and the remainder of the animate beings on the farm typify the different parts of Russian society and how the communist coup detat of Russia affected them. Two chief characters. Snowball and Napoleon ( who symbolize Trotsky and Stalin ) . engages in a political battle. as both of them wanted to hold the power to take all of the animate beings. Although Napoleon wins the battle in the terminal. Snowball’s political scheme is better than the corrupted leading of Napoleon. We will write a custom essay sample on Napoleon and Snowball (Animal Farm) Essay specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Napoleon and Snowball (Animal Farm) Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Napoleon and Snowball (Animal Farm) Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Snowball cares more about the living status of the animate beings. Compared to Napoleon. Snowball knows the significance of â€Å"Animalism† . which is animate beings are equal and it should take the animate beings to a better life. Snowball is interested in reading all sorts of books to enrich his range of cognition to do the animate beings work easier. For illustration. he declares the windmill thought from a book of the Jones. Besides Snowball is really courageous ; he has studied the book of Julian Caesar and successfully led through the Battle of the Cowshed while Napoleon was concealing himself in the barn. Snowball has an intelligent and friendly character. Unlike Napoleon. Snowball neer forces person to hold with his thoughts. Alternatively. he is good at explicating how his ideas work and persuades all the animate beings to believe and swear his thoughts. Unlike Napoleon. Snowball does non necessitate Squealer’s aid. he can make the explicating portion all by himself. Bonaparte has his ain ways to command other animate beings such as the Canis familiariss and Squealer but Snowball has different manner which is the commissions. Snowball seems to work better within the political system. Bonaparte goes around it. Napoleon. for case. he understands the function of force in political control and uses his attack Canis familiariss to throw out Snowball from the farm. Napoleon seems to hold a powerful. egoistic desire for control. while Snowball seems to believe of himself as a mastermind who should be the one to steer the farm toward success. Snowball is the lone 1 who knows the existent significance of â€Å"Animalism† . and he is seting out true attempt to do the populating criterion of the animate beings better than earlier. and insists everyone is equal. After the expel of Mr. Jones. the Animal Farm is supposed to be democracy. all of the animate beings should make up ones mind how to make things together. any one animate being to lift to greater power than any other would go against that ideal. and do Animal Farm indistinguishable from a human farm. On the other manus the lone thing that Napoleon thinks approximately is how to derive more power and personal benefit from the farm. Snowball ever comes up with some long-run programs and on the other manus Napoleon can merely come up with some short-run programs. In decision. Snowball’s political scheme is better so the corrupted leading of Napoleon.

Psychological egoism Essay Example

Psychological egoism Essay Example Psychological egoism Paper Psychological egoism Paper Psychological egoism claims that human nature is such that we cannot help but pursue our self-interest, we are biologically and psychologically disposed to behave in this way. It is a fact that we automatically act to promote our own interest and we cannot do otherwise. This theory highlights a strength of egoism as a whole, and it also explains ethical motivation. I act morally because it benefits me, and furthers my own life. It places human actions firmly and consistently within the natural world: like all plants and creatures, we seek or own good. This is a convincing answer to the question why be moral? , and this theory also agreements with the statement expressed in the question. Psychological egoism claims that even if something is morally right, we have no motive to perform it unless it benefits us and furthers our own life. However, it could be argued that being moral simply requires us to conform with moral rules or be a virtuous character and there is nothing to specifically say that following moral rules or being virtuous will not be of benefit for us. An example could be used is the moral rule that it is wrong for us to steal a psychological egoist may claim that it is in our best interest to steal as it enables us to have anything whenever we want, but then it could be said that it is in our interest not to steal (therefore conforming with moral rules) so we do not go to prison if we are caught. As an illustration in relation to being virtuous, imagine a soldier on the front line who gives his life in order to save others although this would be seen by the majority of people as a good or virtuous action, it does not help him to be happy or flourish. In order for psychological egoism to maintain its theory regarding an incident like the soldier, the situation and circumstances would have to be stretched so far as to say in the spur of the moment, the soldier was in fact not thinking about the welfare of others, but instead something along the lines of if I give my life, then I might be in the newspaper tomorrow this is undeniably absurd, why would the soldier even consider what the newspapers might say about him if he would be dead anyway? This is where virtue ethics comes into play, however opponents of virtue ethics may argue that the soldier could have already flourished or reached eudaimonia (a theory made famous by Aristotle, which I will mention later) when he made the decision, although this may also be countered by saying that there is no way of knowing when you have become virtuous, and that all of your choices are moral. On the other hand, it could be said that virtue ethics provides a better and more true-to-life way of looking at the situation of the soldier giving his life for others, and virtue ethics as opposed to egoism disagrees with the statement that is put forward in the question, and famous philosophers like Plato and Aristotle believe that something being morally right does give us motive to perform it. They believe this because virtue ethics claims that our main aim in life is to be truly happy, but we will only be able to do this if we are completely balanced. Our true happiness comes with the conviction that by being moral we will achieve a flouring and fulfilling life, as well as the knowledge that we are contributing to a flourishing community. They believe we are happier around positive and supportive people but an egoist would not be able to do this. For Aristotle, there is an aim (or telos in Greek) for everything that we do. Like by me writing this essay, my telos is that you will gain a clear understanding of whether something being moral gives you a motive to perform it. According to Aristotle, we have two types of aims: superior aims and subordinate aims. An illustration that could be used is that attending my lessons at college (which is my subordinate aim) will get me good A-level results and those results will help me to get into the university of my choice which will help me to be happy, and for Aristotle everyones final, superior aim is happiness. However the word we should use for happiness in Aristotles theory is eudaimonia, which could be described as living well or flourishing, not just for yourself but for society. He also believed in moral virtues such as courage, temperance, ambition, truthfulness and modesty. He believed that for all of these virtues, that if you had too much or too little of them then you had a problem. For example, having too much courage could be linked back to the soldier situation from earlier on although it could be said the soldier had too much courage anyway to join the army, he also had too much courage (therefore being rash) in the situation and did not think before he decided to give his life for others and did not think about what impact it may have on himself or e. . his family. Aristotle uses the term The Golden Mean to suggest the idea we should follow some kind of middle way between too much and too little of the virtues. Aristotle also believes in intellectual virtues, which are: technical skill, scientific knowledge, practical wisdom (how we actually do things), intelligence and wisdom (which is like the finished intellectual virtue where great experience combines with understanding). What he is saying is, if we try to practise the moral virtues and we learn the intellectual virtues, we will become virtuous (good) people who make the right decisions for ourselves and the community that we live in, and we will achieve eudaimonia for ourselves and others in our community, which is why virtue ethics may give a better explanation as to why the soldier may give his life for others, he may truly believe he has become virtuous although again, it could be argued there is no way of truly knowing when you have reached eudaimonia, there is nothing such as a criteria to determine whether you have reached it or not, which is a critique of virtue ethics. Virtue ethics states that we should act morally to balance out or harmonize our inner self, however if you dont have the correct balance of character (such as honesty), arent you just doing things to benefit yourself regardless of any possible benefit to your balance? It could be argued that nothing within virtue ethics can be truly altruistic although it is said being altruistic helps you to balance, surely balancing yourself is benefiting yourself as well? Egoism provides a better theory as to explaining why we are motivated to do things. Although virtue ethics provides a better explanation as to why the soldier may give up his life for others, it seems more plausible that we do things to benefit ourselves as opposed to others in most other situations. It cannot be denied that at that specific moment, the soldier was put in to a position where he could not think properly about the situation and the implications it may have although technically he could have been being virtuous or altruistic, in another way you could say he was not being altruistic at all as his family and friends back home would be affected negatively by the decision he made. It appears that a large majority of people would not act morally just because it is the right thing to do, when put in the situation that the soldier was put in it is most likely that a majority of people who still had something to live for (e. g. family, wealth etc. ) would allow somebody else to give up their life rather than them giving up theirs. As stated earlier, egoism provides a better theory as to explaining why we are motivated to do things) it is human nature that we will do things to benefit ourselves and allow ourselves to carry on living.

Learn How to Use the Present Continuous Tense

Learn How to Use the Present Continuous Tense The present continuous tense, also known as the present progressive, is one of the most commonly used verb tenses in English. It is one that English learners  frequently confuse with a similar tense, the present simple. Present Continuous vs. Present Simple The present continuous tense expresses something that is happening at the moment of speaking. It is frequently used in conjunction with time expressions  such as right now or  today to indicate that an action is occurring at that moment. For instance: What are you doing at the moment?Shes reading in the garden now.Theyre not standing in the rain. Theyre waiting in the garage.   In contrast, everyday habits and routines are expressed using the present simple tense. Its common to use the present simple with adverbs of frequency such as usually or sometimes. For example:   I usually drive to work.Alice doesnt have to get up early on Saturdays.The boys play soccer on Friday evenings. The present continuous is used only with action verbs. Actions verbs express things that we do. The present continuous is not used with  stative verbs  that express a feeling, belief, or state of being, such as hope or want.   Correct: I hope to see him today.  Incorrect:  I am hoping to be  seeing him today.Correct: I want some ice cream right now.Incorrect: I am wanting some ice cream right now. Using the Present Continuous In addition to expressing actions that are currently taking place, the present continuous can also express actions that are happening at or around the present moment in time. For example: What are you doing tomorrow afternoon?She isnt coming on Friday.Were working on the Smith account at the moment. This tense is also  used for future plans  and arrangements, especially in business. Where are you staying in New York?She isnt coming to the presentation on Friday.Im flying to Tokyo next week. Sentence Structure The present continuous tense can be used with positive, negative, and question sentences. For positive sentences, conjugate the helping verb be and add ing to the verbs end. For example: Im (I am) working today.Youre (You are) studying English at the moment.Hes (He is) working on the report today.Shes (She is) planning a vacation in Hawaii.Its (It is) raining right now.Were (We are) playing golf this afternoon.Youre (You are) not paying attention, are you?Theyre (They are) waiting for the train. For negative sentences, conjugate the helping verb be, then add not plus ing to the verbs end. Im not (I am not) thinking about my vacation right now.You arent (You are not) sleeping at the moment.He isnt (He is not) watching the TV.She isnt (She is not) doing her homework today.It isnt (It is not) snowing today.We arent (We are not) staying in New York.You arent (You are not) playing chess at the moment.They arent (They are not) working this week. For sentences that ask a question, conjugate be, followed by subject and a verb ending in ing. What am I thinking?What are you doing?Where is he sitting?When is she coming?How is it doing?When are we leaving?What are you eating for lunch?What are they doing this afternoon? Present Continuous Passive The present continuous can also be used in the passive voice. Remember that the passive voice conjugates the verb to be.  To construct, a passive sentence, use the passive subject plus the verb be plus ing and the  past participle. For instance: Cars are being made in this factory at the moment.English is being taught by the teacher now.Steak is being eaten by the people at table 12. Additional Resources Want to learn more about the present continuous tense? Check out this teachers guide for additional exercises and tips.

Long essay question 2 Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Long essay question 2 - Coursework Example He believes there are real truths. Real truth is the same as an absolute truth. If there are moral ideas that are truer than that of the next, then it is a real morality thus a real truth (Willard 5). Willard says truth depends on what someone believes. If someone tells you the truth according to what he or she believes, then that is the real truth. Relativism follows natural law according to Richard Dawkins. Dawkins believes we face an equal but more sinister challenge when it comes to addressing the truth. He believes cultural relativism from the view that scientific truth is just one kind of truth. Dawkins says the truth about scientific discoveries is an absolute truth and not just relative to the people that believe in it (Dawkins 406). Tim Keller says the objection to Christianity is because of the mistakes concerning nature of truth, community, and Christianity. Keller believes the truth in freedom. He preaches love of God for human beings as absolute (Keller 48). The Bible holds the absolute truth about God and ways humans should relate to one another and

Game Theory Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Game Theory - Research Paper Example Game theory is mainly applied in areas such as psychology, logic, biology, economics, and political science. This is a report on game theory with particular focus given to its applications, benefits and limitations, and other aspects. Game Theory Game theory or alternatively interactive decision theory is based on the fundamental concept of zero-sum games, where gains of an individual are exactly to the net losses of other participants. The game theory can be applicable to a range of behavioral relations. According to the game theory, a game must specify four essential elements such as players of the game, information and actions (which are available for decision making), and payoffs for each outcome (Game Theory). The two main branches of game theory include cooperative and non-cooperative game theory. When the non-cooperative games are illustrated in the extensive and normal forms, characteristic function form is used to present most cooperative games. According to Fudenberg and Ti role, in the extensive form, games are played using trees (see figure 1) and each node (vertex) indicates a player’s point of choice. Each player is clearly specified with a number represented by the vertex (67). The player’s possible action is indicated by the lines out of the vertex whereas the payoffs are presented at the bottom of the tree. The extensive form can be regarded as â€Å"a multi-player generalizations of a decision tree† (Fudenberg and Tirole 67). This is illustrated in the figure 1. Figure 1 The figure is taken from Ross, Don, "Game Theory",  The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy  (Winter 2012 Edition), In contrast to the extensive form, a matrix indicating players, strategies and payoffs are used to represent the normal form or strategic form. As Jian et al point out, in general any function which is associated with a payoff for each player with all combination of actions can be used to represent the normal form. When the normal form is used to define a game, it is assumed that each player acts without actually knowing the actions of others. If the players are aware of the action of other players, the game is usually illustrated using the extensive form. The origin of the characteristic function form is found in the book written by John von Neumann and Oskar Morgenstern. The authors guessed that when a union C emerges, it functions against the fraction (N/C) as if a normal game is played by two individuals. Here, the balanced payoff of C is identified as the basic function. Examples of Game Theory One of the most commonly cited examples of game theory is the prisoner’s dilemma. Suppose that two brokers, Robinson and Thomas, have been accused of fraudulent trading activities and arrested. Both of them are being questioned separately and hence they do not know what the other is going to say. Robinson and Thomas want to minimize the term of imprisonment and there are four different situations. 1. If Robinson pl eads that he is not guilty of the crime accused and Thomas confesses, Robinson will be jailed for a maximum term of five years and Thomas will be sentenced for a minimum of one year imprisonment. 2. If nobody confesses, then both of them will be jailed for a minimum of two years. 3. If both pleads that they are guilty of the crime accused and tries to implicate their partner, then both of the

Isolationism in Europe Essay Example for Free

Isolationism in Europe Essay Isolationism is a system whereby a country withdraws from participating in international affairs. Europe adopted isolationism to protect its economy from foreign countries. Isolationism is associated with America’s refusal societies believed they were different than European societies in the sense that they could achieve democracy and freedom without using violence. Isolationism in European began back in the colonial days when people started fleeing from Europe because of war and economical deprivation. Increase in religious persecution also led people to free from Europe. The escapees saw their new environments as better places to restart the lives and make them better . America isolated itself from Europe because, Europe’s interest were in no way similar to those of America. Europe also participated in a set of controversies and wars that of less importance to America. They saw it unwise to get involved in those activities that did not affect them already. To prove this America involved itself in a set of wars which included the Mexican war and the Spanish American war without asking for Europe’s alliance. President Monroe, during this period declared that America had never and would never involve itself in the domestic European wars. The colonists who brought about isolationism had escaped from Europe to avoid religious persecutions and wars. They believed that the new world outside of Europe was more favorable and moral. Though the wars in Europe were brought about by the colonists from America, they did not participate in them. European states were based on ethnicity and territorial history which brought about a sense of identity and ties states that felt more superior and strong extended their authorities to other national borders to increased their territories and powers. This kind of forced invasion is associated with a lot of violence and wars. Europe therefore became entangled in a chain of wars among its own states. Adopting isolationism brought more benefits to America which was a young developing country. Europeans dominated most of the world affairs and if America got involved in Europe’s affairs it would be colonized by Europe. However during 1800s, Germany provoked America during World War I and got America to participate in the war. Isolationism in Europe caused so much poverty because states fought amongst themselves and destroyed important resources such as schools, factories, farms and hospitals. Actually America was very deeply rooted to this idea of isolationism. Though many other nations supported this idea, their intentions to move into this system were not the same as that of the Americans. That was mainly because the United States was very much stable in terms of economical and also political status and their involvement in isolationism was considered to be very successful. During the time when America was at its peak of development, the United States had many options that they were going to use on expanding within their own territories. It also had large amounts of raw materials that they were going to use in expanding the factories and industries within the country. There was nothing which actually made the Americans travel abroad like many of the western European nations e.g. Britain. They were in no need of any new markets or any opportunities to invest neither did they need any space to build their dynasties. Their only motives were to increase their internal colonization territories to the furthest west. Therefore most of their duties were mainly concentrated within the country and they did not need to move out of the country. Many other nations also had very little chances of entering into the United States. Also the two wide oceans which surrounded the United States of America kept the rest of the countries 3000 miles away. Therefore it was very much difficult for the rest of the nations to cover such distance in seeking to enter into the United States. Most of their surrounding neighbors in the northern and southern part did not concentrate on entering into the country. This was mainly because countries in the northern part e. g. Canada and the West Indies had been connected so much with the British and in the south, the South Americans in the 19th century were not strong enough to attack or to cause conflicts with a country like America at that time. The main reason why the isolation of the Americans was not disturbed in the 19th century was mainly because the British soldiers kept them at bay. This reason was mainly caused by the world’s organization whereby it was mainly done so following the British system. The British system was mainly used because there was a well balanced system of power in the west and the British Navy was very much powerful at that time. The British system was functioning so effortlessly and most of the nations didn’t even believe that the system was mainly powered by the British economical and political supremacy. Therefore America grew well while adopting this system of isolationism as a successful policy because it would keep them away in involving themselves in wars. This was also strengthened by the international involvement of other nations e. g. the British that ensured that all the trouble were reduced to the minimum. Another reason that made Americans to adapt to this system was their belief in the vision of staying as one community that is dedicated to working together. Isolationism in Europe was led by socialists. In Europe isolationism led to political and economical demise. This led to an outbreak of war when Germany went against the treaty of Versailles. Strong alliances were formed against the Soviet Union. Some of them include the alliance between Germany, Italy and Japan. After the World War I, most European countries decided to isolate themselves from the international affairs of Europe. This is because the results of the war were very devastating and so staying away from the alliances was of more benefit to the states of Europe. During the 1900s Portugal rejected all forms of international invasion into its territory and accepted the incorporation of economical aspects and also intergovernmental corporation within itself. The French are the most isolated people in Europe. French does not welcome new members and immigrants into its state. The French politicians are the most rigid and do not allow any foreign invasion into their political affairs. European nations resulted into isolationism due to the fear of international communism. This is a style that was adopted by Western Europe to protect itself against Russia. This is because all activities of the Soviet Union were questionable and suspected to have a ridden motive. Most western European states cooperated with each other to work against the Soviet Union. Great Britain, France and Germany acted as the major authorities in Europe making other states inferior to them. Russia, being a soviet union did not participate in the world war, because it aimed to protect its territories and resources. Russia also colonized other European nations only accepted Russia foreign policy, when Russia joined the League of Nations. After the world wars, Europe did not feel that money and resources used in the war were a waste of time, instead, they believed that, the war was thought for a worthy cause and a common goal to protest its interests and those of its citizens. The war caused unequal distribution of wealth between America and Europe. This is because the war led to collapse of business in Europe. After the war, United States imposed a tariff policy on European goals making it difficult to sell their goods in America. America put the tariff policies to protect their business after the world wars. Political isolationisms in Europe also led to the collapse of the European constitution political leaders isolated themselves from the common citizens and implemented laws that were not acceptable by the citizens. Political leaders in Europe did not accept any political ideas from its citizens. Isolationism is a problem that makes human beings to put their interest first. It is a nature to create a sense of security. European did not want other people from different backgrounds to include their own tunes, values or culture. As a result Europe introduced tariff policies that were aimed at protecting its business from foreign status. Bibliography Graebner, Norman A. The New Isolationism: A Study in Politics and Foreign Policy since 1950. New York: Ronald Press, 1956. http://www. questia. com/PM. qst? a=od=3485145. Martel, Gordon, ed. American Foreign Relations Reconsidered, 1890-1993. New York: Routledge, 1994. http://www. questia. com/PM. qst? a=od=103366220. Powaski, Ronald E. Toward an Entangling Alliance: American Isolationism, Internationalism, and Europe, 1901-1950. New York: Greenwood Press, 1991. http://www. questia. com/PM. qst? a=od=9788561. Ward, Barbara. The West at Bay. New York: W. W. Norton, 1948. http://www. questia. com/PM. qst? a=od=104923298.

Journal Topic :: essays research papers

Journal 1 Echternacht, Lonnie & Wedmaier, Cheryl. (2000) Business Professionals’ and Business Educators’ Perceptions of Database Competencies Needed for Entry-Level Employment. NABTE, 34-39. How much education does a student need to receive a good job? The business world changes so much that a person is not able to keep up with the education that goes along. In the article it gives you the idea that a person can graduate from college and then in five years, what they learned is not used any more. Business changes so much it is hard to tell what the future will do. Researches think that students need to learn different skills to help them out in the work place. The purpose of the study was to find out what database competencies are important for a job in the business field. Also, how do the experts rate the competencies that are giving to them? The researchers sent out questionnaires to teachers who use or teach database classes. The questionnaires were made up from different resources that had extensive study on the background. The researchers sent them out by e-mail to all chosen participants. The participants were asked if they would mind being part of the study and if so e-mail them back. The study would consist of three parts all three parts would consist of participants communicating with the researchers. The first part the participants had to rate the competencies of database material. The researchers sent out 64 competencies and the participants could delete and add any to the list. Part two consisted of revaluating their pervious work. The participants could make changes if they felt it was appropriate. The researchers sent out information again to have participants complete three rounds of study. The study showed the competencies that the participants thought were important. The researchers took the range from all of the participants. It scored them from one to six. Six is the highest and one is low and the participants did not spend much time teaching it or thought it needs to be taught. Save the database file, enter records into databases, and review, edit, and delete database files were some that scored a six. The conclusion showed that people with interest in the business field should be aware of data base software and database management systems.

Policy in Theory and Practice

What is the social administrative tradition? Social administration developed when the welfare state was undergoing a period of growth, when there was a high level of optimism about its potential achievements and a high degree of consensus about the fundamentals such as Education, the National Health Services, and public housing. Social administration was concerned with social needs and problems, and with the response to the problems; social policy. It became regarded as the natural provider of welfare, apparently at the expense of others. Social administration is linked to the growth and development of welfare services, which have existed since the turn of the century, but were expanded and consolidated in the 1940s. It adopts a rational approach to solving social problems, which are often thought of as having an objective existence. Social services provided by the state were viewed as the proper method for causing progressive change. Fabianism was a movement designed to promote democratic socialism. The impact of Fabianism, as a coherent set of ideas, held that socialism in Britain was well-matched with the institutions of state and should, therefore, be implemented through a parliamentary system. Supporters of Fabianism wanted to utilise academic knowledge on social problems to create pressure on the state to research and conduct in-depth analysis in order to influence welfare reforms. The ideological and empirical alliances with Fabianism were associated with a concern regarding policy action; specifically what is done by policy action and how it is done, rather than why this is done. Two hugely prominent members of the Fabian Society were Sydney and Beatrice Webb. This couple believed that collective provision for welfare through the state was essential in order to develop a British capitalist society. Social policy in Britain became more concerned with the practical issues of education for experimental research on recognized problems – social administration tradition. During the decades of the 1960’s and 1970’s the view of Social administration as social policy became discredited, and since then a more holistic approach to social policy developed. What is meant by liberal welfarism? Liberalism welfarism is about protection of the individual in terms of freedom, markets and kind limits the state. Welfare in liberal philosophy is not something that is provided but something that is achieved and developed through the free and independent actions of a free will. The welfare of each individual promotes the well-being of the entire society by increasing the sum total of freedom in which its members live. Liberalism promotes equality of opportunities that is rooted in an inequality of outcomes. Freedom is intrinsically linked to responsibility, so as the state takes over in the role of providing welfare for the population a diminished freedom also means diminished individual responsibility. This is damaging to society, and in order to minimise the damage the state must take a less central role. It was thought that the state should refrain from interfering in economic processes such as income policies, laws regarding minimum wage and employment protection legislation, w hich in turn would decrease the role of trade unions in economic and political life. This forms the foundation for a legal background which enables individual freedom along with economic prosperity, and has been of great influence in economic, political and social welfare. The economic policy of laissez-faire was an attitude in which the government refused to interfere. This eventually began to give way to a new collective ideal called new-liberalism, which imagined the state playing a positive in the enhancement of social problems. New liberalism led to a transformation in the nature of and relations between the state and the market. Explain the parliamentary policy-making process. Within the parameters of British state, the central state may be considered to be crucial as it is where many decisions are made. Constitutionally Britain operates a tripartite division of powers between the legislature, the judiciary and the executive. Crucial to this is the role of the Prime Minister and the Cabinet, which are pivotal in the making of policy. The job of the legislature is to debate and consider the introduction of new laws. Members of parliament exercise the power through the system of Parliamentary committees, where they are able to question Ministers and senior Civil Servants. New legislation passes through the laborious process of First, Second and Third Readings in the House of Commons, interspersed with detailed discussion of a Bill’s content at the Committee stage. A Bill will then receive consideration from the House of Lords, and during this process the MP’s and Lords from the government and the opposition have the opportunity to question and debate the principles and provisions of new legislation, and to suggest amendments. Finally a Bill receives Royal Assent and passes into law as an Act of Parliament. Detail the New Right critique of the welfare state. During the 1970’s both the Conservative and Labour Party attempted to halt the apparent economic decline, yet neither were successful. Both parties experiences an increase of radical activity in the far wings of the party. The ‘New Right’ formed as a branch of the Conservative Party, campaigning for a break from the previous reliance on Keynesianism as part of economic and social policy.From 1979-1997, Britain was governed by a Conservative Party that was under Thatcher’s leadership and was inspired by the New Right, and was rooted in economic liberalism combined with social conservatism. According to the work of the theorist Friedman Britain began to build up a neo-liberal analysis of state welfare during this time. His main argument was that public expenditure was being driven up by the increase of state intervention within welfare services. This interfered with the operation of the market economy. The New Right arguing that free welfare services only encouraged useless people to become dependent upon benefits and provided no incentive for families to protect themselves and their welfares through savings. The Conservatives tried to shift the costs of welfare through changes in taxation and the benefits system, burdening the poor and disadvantaged, and this served only to increase the amount of citizens who were in need of state support. This was further intensified by policies that sought to achieve wage discipline through mass unemployment. Neo-liberals wanted to roll back the state and reduce the role of the government, with the aim to restoring Britain’s international competitiveness. Welfare benefits were seen as detrimental to labour market flexibility, as they kept up wages. Bibliography Alcock, C, Payne,S, Sullivan, M, 2004, Introducing Social Policy, Essex, Pearson. Baldock, N, et al, 2012, Social Policy, 4edt, Oxford, Oxford University Express. Loney, M, Boswell, D, Clarke,J, 1988, Social Policy & Social Welfare, Milton Keynes, Open University.

David Humes Thoughts On Empiricism Essay

One of the most notable figures in the history of western philosophy was Scottish philosopher David Hume. Hume was widely known for his views on Empiricism. Empiricism has been pondered since the beginnings of philosophy by many famous figures, from Aristotle to John Locke. (Wikipedia) Empiricism claims that human knowledge is founded on observation and use of the five senses. Hume published a literary work titled Enquiry concerning Human Understanding. This had a profound impact on empiricist philosophy. (Heter) In section 2 of the Enquiry concerning Human Understanding, titled Of the Origin of Ideas, Hume makes distinctions about impressions and ideas. Simply stating how a memory obtained from the central nervous system can never reach the level of raw, vividness that the original impression had made. An example of this concept can be something along the lines of experiencing free fall. We have all experienced free fall at some point in our lives. Simply recalling that moment can never fully allow us to grasp the gut wrenching excitement of pure gravity. An interesting thought brought forward in section 2 is The Copy Principle. Hume states â€Å"But though our thought seems to possess this unbounded liberty, we shall find, upon a nearer examination, that it is really confined within very narrow limits, and that all this creative power of the mind amounts to no more than the faculty of compounding, transposing, augmenting, or diminishing the materials afforded us by the senses and real life experience†¦Ã¢â‚¬ (Enquiry, Section II) In layman’s terms, imagination of the human mind might be perceived as limitless. However, in  reality, it is really a combination of sensory information and real life experiences. To this end, Hume believes that there are no truly original ideas. Everything we can conceive is a â€Å"copy† or modification of material afforded to us by our surroundings. Examples of this can be found all around us. Such as the design of a plane matching the shape of a bird or Velcro behaving as burdock burrs. (Bloomberg) An interesting point Hume brings to our attention is the Blind Man Argument. Hume claims that a person born blind has no notions of what color is. If you grant that individual the ability to see, you present him with a new channel for ideas. Without this inlet, he would have no idea what color is. Therefore, color must come from the senses. (Enquiry, Section II) One might object to Hume’s copy principle by stating that original ideas are created quite frequently. A perfect example of this is the telephone. There was no object in the known universe that was able to transmit encoded sound waves through electrical wire over vast distances to a receiver before the telephone. This invention came into existence through pure innovation. The blind man argument presents an error. Just because a blind man cannot make an association between the word red and the color red doesn’t mean that they have never seen it before. Perhaps the man has seen the color red countless times in his dreams. However, without having another individual identify the same color and help him form the association between the word and the color, the blind man will never know what â€Å"red† means. Countering my objection to The Copy Principle, all the natural resources we are afforded on earth  can be combined, transformed or restructured to create something else. Basically, everything we have created can be broken down to the raw materials found within our environment. This makes it impossible to create something truly new. The telephone is simply a combination of oil, copper, aluminum, silicone, ect. In defense of The Blind Man Argument, people born without the ability to see, claim they see â€Å"nothing†. They might understand how the color spectrum works but they will never be able to sense what the actual color looks like. For one to know the answer to this debate, he or she have the ability to see and be blind at the same time. Hume certainly brings up some interesting concepts. For this reason, scholars have been studying his ideas for centuries. Empiricism and rationalism are in constant disagreement. Both philosophical notions are extremely hard to disprove. Works Cited Hennighausen, Amelia, and Eric Roston. â€Å"14 Smart Inventions Inspired by Nature: Biomimicry: Nature as R&D Lab. † Bloomberg. com. Bloomberg, 19 Aug. 2013. Web. 20 Sept. 2013. Heter, T. Storm. â€Å"Empiricism. † First Philosophy: A Handbook for Beginning Philosophers. N. p. : n. p. , n. d. 15-21. Print. Hume, David. â€Å"Section II: Of the Origin of Ideas. † An Enquiry concerning Human Understanding. N. p. : n. p. , 1784. N. pag. Print. Wikipedia contributors. â€Å"David Hume. † Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, 30 Aug. 2013. Web. 21 Sep. 2013. Wikipedia contributors. â€Å"Empiricism. † Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, 15 Sep. 2013. Web. 21 Sep. 2013.

Alexander Hamilton - Federalist papers 78, 79, 80, 81 essays

Alexander Hamilton - Federalist papers 78, 79, 80, 81 essays Alexander Hamilton, author of numbers 78, 79, 80, and 81 of the Federalist Papers, justifies the specific provisions of Section 1 of Article 3 of the Constitution by defending his views on the Judiciary. He also explains some points that were hard to comprehend, more thoroughly, along with his view on the role of the Supreme Court. Tenure, when used by Mr. Hamilton, means in short, the occupancy of a seat on the Supreme Court for a Justice. This is to make clear that a Supreme Court Justice is not guaranteed a seat for life. Article 3, Section 1 of the U.S. Constitution states, The Judges, both of the supreme and inferior Courts shall hold their Offices during good Behaviour... The most important part of this statement is as I underlined good Behaviour because this justifies what tenure means in Mr. Hamiltons Federalist Paper number 78. Supreme Court Justices are appointed for life but it is not guaranteed. They must not break the law, and they must follow all of the rules and regulations that a court justice must follow. If not, they are capable of being impeached. The other half of Article 3, Section 1 of the U.S. Constitution ... and shall, at Times, receive for their Services, a Compensation, which shall not be diminished during their Continuance in Office. This is explained by Alexander Hamilton in the Federalist Papers number 79. He states The salaries of judicial officers may from time to time be altered, as occasion shall require, yet so as never to lessen the allowance with which any particular judge comes into office, in respect to him... But with regard to the judges, who, if they behave properly, will be secured in their places for life... Mr. Hamilton is justifying the guidelines of fixed salaries for a federal judge. He is stating that as time passes, things change and the economy will be stronger. Since this is bound to happen, judges will be paid...

Business Process Engineering for Transparent Workflow Weaving

This paper is a scholarly review of the article titled Implicit BPM: A Business Process Platform for Transparent Workflow Weaving. The purpose of this paper is to examine the concept of workflow weaving with regard to integration of business management processes into organization’s applications.   The paper will also look at the relevancy of the conclusion of the article under review, to the business process management, as well as drawing comparisons between the ideas of other articles within the context of the focus topic with ideas advocated by the main article being reviewed.   Integration of the business process or workflow into existing organization’s application can be a costly affair to implement due to the limited interoperability capabilities of the organizations applications. This is occasioned by isolated nature of applications development that is not considerate of integration of business activities into one seamless platform for greater efficiency and performance. The under review therefore, put fort or suggest a concept of reducing the cost of integrating business process or workflow with the existing applications. To look at how this is achieved, we review relevant aspects or framework of the concept that leads to achievement of the set objective of the article. (Mondà ©jar et al., 2014) The article opines that building business systems from scratch is no longer feasible and tenable considering the major business workflow overhaul required in order to implement an entirely new system. The integration process on the other hand requires combination of different innovations and designs that that again requires considerable amount of funds to implement. This assertion is true considering that any business activity implemented by an organization must first by affordable by the organization and secondly will improve the revenue bottom line of the implementing organization. For these reasons, many organizations tend to view business process integration project as a costly affair that may take time before the organization break even on the cost of the project. (Mondà ©jar et al., 2014)   The article suggests a technique that will ease the process of integrating the business process with the organization’s applications. The Aspect oriented programming abbreviated as (AOP) technique suggested is viable option of resolving limitations due to generic nature of the integration process as well as the transparency limitations associated with the process of workflow and organizations integration. To further simplify the process of integration, the articles suggest a black-box approach to implement the Aspect Oriented Programming rather than a clear-box approach. The former approach indeed doesn’t require much detailed knowledge of the code internals of the program. It uses a wrapping technique that focus on simplest form of integration that is cost effective as opposed to detailed integration approach.   The authors of the article postulates that the workflow weaving technique they are proposing enables the integration of the business process in a transparent manner in that the technique does not require fundamental changes in the organizations applications and at the same time it can bring together a myriad of heterogeneous web applications into one platform as an integrated end product. Analyzing the concept it is easy to see that when an integration technique doesn’t require extensive changes, then the process is likely to be cost effective in manner that encourages business or organizations to adapt this technique when aiming to integrate their workflow or business processes. The article uses the example of two sample applications one of The Pet Store which is built on Java EE platform and a generic accounting application that manages the books and clients for an organization. The two applications which have been implemented using Model View Controller, MVC framework are i ntegrated together for seamless processing of the business workflow. (Mondà ©jar et al., 2014) The resultant outcome of the fusing is an innovation that combines purchasing and accounting process in one platform. For example, from the Pet Store MVC application home page the user can search fro an item he or she intends to purchase. If the item is found or located, the same is added to the shopping cart where the client can proceed to checkout.   Once the payment as been confirmed, the accounting application also running on MVC approach is triggered and the book balance for the company is updated accordingly. The accounting application will then adjust stock and register the client. On its home page the accountant can be able to see the updated processes in the system thus making work easier for him or her.   This is an example of how the business process has been integrated into one interrelated platform for seamless running of the organizations activities. (Trkman et al., 2015) In isolated applications say with different purchasing application as well as the accounting ap plication, each business activity would have been handled separately. For example, when the item was searched and purchased by the client or the customer the accountant would have to physically look for the sales report to know which items were sold and the prices. The accountant would then proceed to include or update his system on actual book balance and number of items remaining probably to ensure the same is replenished. This is a tedious process that is simplified by integrated business processes. (Mondà ©jar et al., 2014) The MVC approach utilized by this innovation allows black-box modeling approach that provide for codes injection at strategic points of the web application framework. Although the outcome is a generic model that lacks a distinct brand, it serves the purposes of integrating the organizations workflow. To provide better correspondence between the software i.e. the programs and the designs, the hardware material the innovation used in the example above uses the crosscutting interface. Analysis of this interface reveals a flexible approach that enables the integrated applications to work together while at the same time creating a contract between the intercepted system and the platform. This further make the process of integration easier and simple which can make business sense to organizations aiming to integrate their business processes.   In order to eliminate the need of having Aspect Oriented Program (AOP) expert at the IT department, the article proposed use of Domain Specific Language (DSL) in the integration process that inhibit the inherent complexities associated with AOP approach or technology. With DSL technology the organization will avoid dealing with underlying AOP framework. The use of DSL therefore reduces the amount of resources needed for implementation of this integrated business processes model. The fact that the organizations will have this advantage makes this innovation appealing to the business. (Seethamraju, 2012) The cost associated with employing different experts for the integrated innovation coupled by the benefits it brings to the organization is likely to make business sense to the management of the organizations. (Mondà ©jar et al., 2014) The article has also implemented the business process management approach in order to realize the proposed innovation. The innovation has two separate parts the front –end and the back-end parts which are connected via web mechanism that not only makes the combination flexible but also scalable. With the front-end having interception and reflection components among other features, the innovation is capable of drawing up various relationships such as when a client initiates a search of a particular item the integrated system can be able to provide him or her with other similar items to the one being searched by the client. In effect what this means is that the client will have various options of similar product. (Seethamraju, 2012) This is a striking feature for any business which can make the idea of business process integration a worthwhile venture to invest on when you analyze it from business perspective. The back-end part of the innovation is the support part where the who le innovation gets various interpretations of command, coordination, and repository among other support features. To repository feature of this innovation is another plus for the innovation in businesswise as well as the general functioning of the innovation. This feature allows the innovation to keep memory of the actions or commands in the system for easier retrieval when the same action pattern is repeated. (Mondà ©jar et al., 2014) One important feature of any innovation is the scalability option. With the web standard approach connection between the front-end and back-end that gives this innovation its scalability or extensibility feature, the innovation would be easier to be adopted by a growing organization. Growth and development is part of every organization. It will not be commercially viable to invest in an innovation that will require major changes when the organization expands or grows. At the back of every business decision is the financial benefit an investment has on business either directly or indirectly. This innovation sufficiently answers this question in that apart form streamlining the business process it can be scaled without major financial implications should the implementing organization expand. It worth noting that this is one of the challenges associated with the integration of the business workflow. With this feature it will be easier for the organization to buy into this innovation. (M ondà ©jar et al., 2014)   In its conclusion the article reiterate the importance of integrating business processes with the existing organization application into one system as well as acknowledging the cost implication of the process. This is relevant observation in business process management in that there is no evidence of an existence of business entity that is interested in making loses. The cost implication is always a fundamental question in every business decision and business processes integration is not an exception. The web platform of this innovation which enables it to enjoy various platforms such as cloud computing which comes with web applications platforms will further underline the issue of cost factor in this innovation. Comparing the ideas of this article with ideas of other similar article within the context of the topic under discussion; business processes management, a number of similarities and differences are noted. The book by Radelf Peterson titled â€Å"Using BPEL processes in Web Sphere Business Integration Server Foundation† postulates the same idea as the main article under review in that, they both focus on utilizing web based approaches that enables the innovation utilize the cloud computing. (Petrson, 2004) On the other El-Halwagi in his article have a solution which is not web based. This involves developing a BPM program from the scratch that overhauls the business process and applications. (El-Halwagi, 2006) It is suitable for startups which do not have existing application in place yet. As noted before in this review the cost-benefit analysis is always an important question to any business entity. The solutions with such wholesale changes would the make business case for new entities looking to launch operations for the first time. Systemic process improvement advocated by Mutafelija and Stromberg, is also in tandem with the ideas of the article under review. According to this book business process management should always have capabilities fo r continuous improvement. (Mutafelija and Stromberg, 2003) The web design of the innovation proposed by the main article under review and the fact that it uses black-box approach where only strategic interceptions are made, enable this innovation to be open to continuous improvement and scalability as noted by Mustafelija and Stromberg. (Mondà ©jar et al., 2014) In conclusion, that the use of web designs in this innovation among other features enables it to have desirable capabilities that will make organizations consider integrating their business processes without finding it challenging with the cost of the implementation of the program. The scalability feature of the proposed innovation is also on of the important aspect that breaths live to its implementation.   Al-Mashari, M. (2011). Business process management ? major challenges. Business Process Management Journal, 8(5). El-Halwagi, M. (2006). Process Integration. Burlington: Elsevier. Harmon, P. (2009). Business Process Change. New York: Elsevier. Mahmoodzadeh, E., Jalalinia, S. and Nekui Yazdi, F. (2009). A business process outsourcing framework based on business process management and knowledge management. Business Process Management Journal, 15(6), pp.845-864. Marjanovic, O. and Freeze, R. (2012). Knowledge-Intensive Business Process: Deriving a Sustainable Competitive Advantage through Business Process Management and Knowledge Management Integration. Knowledge and Process Management, 19(4), pp.180-188. Mondà ©jar, R., Garcà ­a-Là ³pez, P., Pairot, C. and Brull, E. (2014). Implicit BPM: A Business Process Platform for Transparent Workflow Weaving. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, pp.168-183. Mutafelija, B. and Stromberg, H. (2003). Systematic process improvement using ISO 9001:2000 and CMMI. Boston: Artech House. Petrson, R. (2004). Using BPEL processes in WebSphere Business Integration Server Foundation. 1st ed. [Place of publication not identified]: IBM, International Technical Support Organization, pp.7-23. Seethamraju, R. (2012). Business process management: a missing link in business education. Business Process Management Journal, 18(3), pp.532-547. Trkman, P., Mertens, W., Viaene, S. and Gemmel, P. (2015). From business process management to customer process management. Business Process Management Journal, 21(2), pp.250-266. Wysocki, R. (2004). Project management process improvement. Boston: Artech House.

The Difficulties of Using Phrasal Verbs for English Learners Research Paper

The Difficulties of Using Phrasal Verbs for English Learners - Research Paper Example The rationale behind such a theory is that there exist a wide range of levels and types of multiword expressions which includes idioms, fixed expressions, phrasal verbs, prefabs etc. Grammar courses or EFL (English as a Foreign Language) and / or ESL (English as a Second Language) curriculums and other such textbooks concerning grammar, typically emphasize on the learning of phrasal verbs. As such verbs are comprised of verbs i.e., the content word and particles i.e., the function word, such verbs can be studied and understood with respect to studies aimed at vocabulary building as multiword expressions or in grammar as transitive verbs and separable verbs. Several phrasal verbs lack transparency in terms of meanings i.e., certain phrasal verbs are complicated in structure and form and hence it is difficult to comprehend its connotation in entirety by uniting the meanings of the components, verbs, and particles. The use of such idiomatic meanings makes it difficult for English language learners study and apply such words, even if they are aware of the significance of their use. Although the difficulty in using and learning phrasal verbs is widely known, there is little research concerning this field. This paper on â€Å"The Difficulties of Learning and Using the Phrasal Verbs for English Learners† strives to analyze and understand various aspects including the significance of such words, the types of difficulties encountered by ESL / EFL learners and the various ways of overcoming such difficulties. â€Å"A unit which is a constituent at the phrase level and above† It is often identifiable with such criteria as: being the minimal possible unit in reply and has such characteristics as a regular stress pattern and phonological changes conditioned by or blocked at word boundaries. Grammar is an integral part of language learning that facilitates everyday communication. It is a key factor that influences designing of syllabus for learners, and the central point of